Unity

So I know its been a while, but we're back and this time we're gonna talk about Sufism. And its pretty awesome.

In short Sufism is the primary mystic branch of Islam based on obtaining a deep unity with the Divine Presence here and now in this life by obtaining the Fitra, or the point where nothing that one does is wrong in the eyes of the divine, because all of your actions are undertaken from a deep love of God.

yeah, its pretty cool like that

Interestingly, like many mystic traditions once this point the divides, dualism, and multiplicities that normally define are lives begin to fade away into a single sense of unity, many within the tradition report that even their individual sense of self, can at times, begin to disappear well. This approach is seen as a very spirituality rigorous one that is not taken lightly, and is often viewed with a distant sort of respect by other Muslims as obtaining a deep oneness with God could be seen as overwhelming if not destructive and dangerous.  

This method is approached through a variety of fashions, but most of them revolving around the Sufi purifying there lesser traits and refining their higher ones. How that is done varies on the teacher that one has, but methods included meditating on the 99 names of God, singing, chanting, and of course the famous whirling dervishes.  

So that's pretty cool, but how does one even begin to do such a thing?  Glad you asked. 

Sufism is an esoteric religion, and like many mystic traditions, it is passed from teacher student. The teacher is approved by other Master of the Way forming a network of lineage leading back to the beginnings of the movement. 

Which is interesting considering the fact that Islam has a long history within the Iranian region, where many other religions, such as Buddhism, Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Gnosticism, Greek and Roman Paganism/Philosophy, have had a presence throughout history. Meaning that the potential for overlap between   these various traditions mystic branches is high, so I think it could be really cool to check out what dialogue, if any, exists between these traditions. 

Until next time, 

Jacob 

references: 

Ernst, Carl W. The Shambhala Guide to Sufism. Boston, Mass: Shambhala, 1997.

Renard, John. Knowledge of God in Classical Sufism: Foundations of Islamic Mystical Theology. New York: Paulist Press, 2004.

Shah, Idries. The Way of the Sufi. London: Penguin, 1990. 

The Religion of Void

Well I know I've been saying for the past few posts that I'd be talking about Daosim this time but it seems that I've run into a bit of a quandary. You see in South Korea, which is my current area of focus, Daoism, which is my current religious focus, never really came to party. Or for that matter they never really got the invitation. So now you see my quandary, how I am to talk about my focus religion in an area where it doesn't have to strong a sway? Well I simply re-framed my question into finding out why Daoism wasn't in Korea and while I was digging about I came across Muism also known as Korean Shamanism. So I my next hunch was that the popular religion of Korea repelled attempts at the implantation of Daosim into Korea but then I did a bit more research and saw that was flat out wrong.

You see throughout much of its history the nations inhabiting the Korean peninsula have been influenced by their neighbors in China. From tribute to their governing system to Korea's faithful payment of tribute for several hundred years a great deal of cultural exchange occurred including the importation of Confucianism and, later, Buddhism. But strangely Daoism never arrived on the scene. But, then again, on closer examination it might not be so strange. You see while Daosim did enjoy a brief time as an organized religion that was favored by the Imperial Chinese Court it was, has and always shall be, a much more populist tradition. Which is important for two reasons, the first is that it never became attached to the Court and second there was no easy way for Daoists to spread their beliefs.

To flesh those out a bit because of its structure and doctrine Confucianism was used to help support much of the later Chinese Dynasties bureaucratic system. Meaning that Confucian ideals were exported to countries closely under the sphere of Chinese influence, like Korea.

Poor man

Additionally Daoism isn't exactly the kind of religion which is bent on spreading itself to all corners of the globe and when combined with their lack of a position to even attempt to do so on a large scale it didn't really happen (unless it went through Mahayana Buddhism which was a syncretism of Buddhism and Daosim).

So with that out of the way what about Muism? Well I still don't know a lot about it yet but i am still investigating. Within Muism there is a group of people know as mudang who serve as the 'shamans' (whether or not Muism is shamanism at all is up for debate) and act as intermediaries, interpreters, and vessels for interaction between humans, spirits, gods, and a host of others.

However, there are two very interesting things about the mudang the first they almost all female and second it is not something you choose it choose you. At a certain point in someone's life they will become horrifically ill, struck down with a divine illness. This illness could go on for some time before the person begins to feel a sort of calling that must be answered or they will be drawn further and further into the sickness. And often times they have to answer the call in potentially the most epic ways.

One guy was bed ridden for days until he got up and
climbed to the top of anearby mountain in the middle of blizzard. 

Eventually the mudang is possessed by the first time by the deity that had been calling to them. After this they set out establishing themselves in their communities.

While the idea of a vocation is something I have encountered in my studies I have never run into something like this before. True I have heard that epileptics are more likely to have intense religious experiences and callings akin to these but there is no way that such a condition could be concentrated in Korea to such a degree that an entire popular religion was built to accommodate it. Or else every culture would have more classes of spiritually torn people who either literally have to make peace with a hast other worldly power or potentially die from the illness that comes with this calling and while I know many a person with a religious calling I have never seen them collapse in the street because of the intensity of its nature.

So I guess my next steps are to dive further down this rabbit hole and try and figure out why the mudang are this way? Why is it a mostly female class? Why are the visions so intense in nature? What are the gods like? And can you ever know you are going to be a mudang before it happens?

Till next time

Sources:

Grayson, James Huntley. Korea: A Religious History. New York: Routledge, 2002.

Walraven, B. C. A. 1983. Korean shamanism. Numen 30, no. 2: 240-264.

Walraven, Boudewijn. 2009. National pantheon, regional deities, personal spirits? mushindo, songsu, and the nature of korean shamanism. Asian Ethnology 68, no. 1: 55-80.

Wong, Eva. The Shambhala Guide to Taoism. Boston: Shambhala, 1997.